3 tus neeg hais lus tshaj plaws: horn, cone, thiab dome
All speakers are essentially transducers, which means that they convert one form of energy-in this case electricity-into another form-in this case, we take the form of sound Experience mechanical vibration. Since the role of the transducer is to push or "drive" the sound forward, the term "driver" is usually used to refer to the transducing element in the speaker. Drivers are sometimes referred to simply as speakers. This term also refers to the sum of all the components that produce sound from the housing to the internal sound damping material and other components (such as crossovers). In this article, "speakers" and "drivers" refer to the speaker components responsible for dispersing sound.
Horn hais lus
Raws li lub npe qhia, tus neeg hais lus horn muaj qhov qhib funnel zoo li lub horn. Ntau tus neeg yuav paub qhov tsim qauv no los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov gramophones qub (tseem hu ua phonographs). Cov qauv tsim thaum ntxov tau siv lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov uas tsim los ntawm kev vibrating diaphragm: lub horn muaj ob txoj haujlwm: xa cov kev vibration generated los ntawm lub diaphragm mus rau saum huab cua thiab ua kom nrov nrov.
The horn loudspeaker is a very effective design because, compared to a cone-shaped diaphragm, the diaphragm does not have to oscillate violently in order to produce a loud sound. Due to their high efficiency, speakers are still used in PA speakers to send out notification and warning signals. Another advantage of horn speakers is their directivity. The sound can be directed at the listener instead of dispersing the sound throughout the room. This creates a much smaller "sweet spot" for the listener, but eliminates most of the problems people encounter in room acoustics because there are fewer reflected sounds. However, this small optimal listening area may be a bit impractical and is usually not conducive to appreciation of the high range, because the high range tends to beam rather than disperse anyway. Another practical difficulty with horn speakers is the extremely low end. In order for the horn speaker to reproduce convincing bass, it must have a huge size.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev txwv ntawm lub tsev siab -kev ncaj ncees lub suab, tseem muaj ntau tus neeg hais lus siab - kawg horn muaj hnub no. Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo heev thiab cov lus teb ceev ceev, uas tuaj yeem muab lub suab zoo tiag tiag rau cov suab paj nruag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog jazz. Lub horn tseem tuaj yeem ua si nrov dua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov kawg tab sis tsis kawg, cov neeg hais lus horn yog cov lus sib tham txaus nyiam.
Hais lus tsav tsheb Ultima 40 Mk2 charming tooj liab nruab nrab tsav tsheb
Cone hais lus
Cone is a form we know in school geometry class, used in the most popular form of driver structure: cone loudspeaker. A typical cone driver consists of a tapered membrane with a dust cap in the middle and a component that does not affect the sound. For sound reproduction, the membrane is responsible. The membrane is attached to the voice coil, and the voice coil moves in accordance with the push and pull of the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the coil in the magnetic field. This movement in and out (referred to as offset) makes the cone speaker the most dynamic reason for the driver design discussed here, and is why this type of driver is sometimes referred to as a "dynamic speaker." The longer the driver's stroke, the greater the amount of air it can push. In order to create low-frequency sound, a lot of air needs to be moved, which can be achieved by using a large woofer or increasing the driver offset. In view of all these changes, cone speakers are not as efficient as horn speakers, but allow for more compact, user-friendly speaker designs and a more powerful and accurate low end.
Lub diaphragm ntawm tus hais lus lub khob hliav qab (uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv hloov lub khob hliav qab) tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, txhua yam uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws thiab lub teeb yuag. Daim ntawv, txhuas, aramid, polypropylene, thiab polystyrene yog txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho lub khob hliav qab. Cone hais lus tau siv ntau yam xwm txheej, tab sis feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov tsav tsheb nruab nrab thiab cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv tau siv hauv tweeter tsim, dome tsav tsheb feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm no.
Dome hais lus
Zoo li horns thiab cone hais lus, lub npe no yuav luag piav txog daim ntawv no. Dome hais lus feem ntau yog concave thiab me dua li cov hais lus cone. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev tsim no yog tias nws muab lub kaum sab xis dav dua rau qhov kev txwv sab sauv kom tsis txhob muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm qhov txwv siab zaus.
Dome tweeter
Unlike horn speakers, dome speakers are a fairly new invention. In the 1960s, the German company Braun successfully used dome speakers for the first time. The original design came from an Italian manufacturer, but Braun engineers had the idea of using different materials. After many trials, BASF's composite materials of tar, rubber, glue and paint were chosen and succeeded. Since then, dome tweeters have been widely used, and the use of structural materials is as diverse as those used in cone membranes: aluminum, ceramics, titanium, beryllium and even silk are often used.
Coda: Tus neeg tsav tsheb hais lus mob siab rau lub suab thiab lub zog
Since the invention of the phonograph in 1877, the driver design has changed a lot. Although the use of horn speakers outside of PA systems is quite rare, cone and dome speakers can be found in almost every home. Today's typical speaker systems usually use a combination of cone and dome drivers-cones for midrange and bass, and domes for treble ranges.
